Eligibility Criteria
- Postgraduate residents in Cardiology, Cardiac Surgery, or Radiology
- Fellows in Interventional Cardiology or Electrophysiology
- Practicing clinicians requiring transeptal access skills
- Trainees seeking simulation-based procedural training
Course Modules
Module 1: Septal Anatomy & Equipment Preparation
- Interatrial septal anatomy and fossa ovalis identification
- Fluoroscopic and imaging landmarks for safe puncture
- Needle, sheath, and transseptal system setup
- Equipment checks and procedural readiness
Module 2: Transeptal Puncture Technique
- Needle orientation and controlled advancement
- Stepwise puncture execution under imaging guidance
- Confirmation of left atrial access
- Safe sheath advancement techniques
Module 3: Advanced Anatomical Scenarios
- Thickened or aneurysmal septum handling
- Altered anatomy and challenging septal positions
- Repeat puncture strategies
- Scenario-based decision-making
Module 4: Complication Prevention & Management
- Recognition of improper septal puncture
- Prevention of aortic or atrial wall injury
- Management of pericardial effusion scenarios
- Emergency response and bailout strategies
