Eligibility Criteria
- Postgraduate residents in cardiology and related specialties
- Fellows in interventional cardiology / structural heart programs
- Practicing cardiologists seeking simulation-based training
- Early-career consultants involved in endovascular procedures
Course Modules
Module 1: Vascular Access & Setup
- Patient and vascular access planning
- Femoral access techniques and sheath placement
- Device preparation and catheter setup
- Radiation safety and procedural ergonomics
Module 2: Aortic Root Anatomy & Orientation
- Aortic root anatomy and fluoroscopic landmarks
- Valve annulus assessment and orientation
- Identification of coronary ostia and sinuses
- Imaging interpretation for procedural guidance
Module 3: Valve Crossing & Positioning
- Wire and catheter navigation across the native valve
- Stable positioning within the aortic annulus
- Alignment techniques for accurate valve placement
- Control of device movement during positioning
Module 4: Valve Deployment & Optimization
- Stepwise valve deployment techniques
- Depth and orientation optimization
- Assessment of valve expansion and positioning
- Post-deployment evaluation and fine adjustments
Module 5: Complication Recognition & Bailout Strategies
- Identification of deployment-related complications
- Management of malposition and paravalvular leak
- Strategies for hemodynamic instability
- Safe bailout and procedural recovery techniques
